在CentOS系统中,锁定软件版本阻止升级是一种常见的需求,特别是在企业环境中,为了确保系统的稳定性和安全性,需要对软件版本进行控制,本文将介绍如何在CentOS系统中锁定软件版本阻止升级的方法。
1、使用yum-plugin-versionlock插件
yum-plugin-versionlock是一个用于锁定RPM包版本的插件,可以阻止RPM包的自动升级,需要安装yum-utils工具集:
sudo yum install yum-utils
启用yum-plugin-versionlock插件:
sudo yum config-manager --set-enabled powertools
接下来,可以使用以下命令锁定指定软件的版本:
sudo yum versionlock <package_name>
要锁定httpd软件的版本为2.4.6,可以执行以下命令:
sudo yum versionlock httpd-2.4.6
2、修改yum源配置文件
另一种方法是修改yum源配置文件,将软件仓库中的软件版本锁定在一个特定的版本,找到对应的yum源配置文件,通常位于/etc/yum.repos.d/
目录下,以httpd为例,找到httpd.repo
文件:
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ ls | grep httpd
编辑httpd.repo
文件,找到<release>
标签,将其值设置为所需的版本号,要将版本锁定在2.4.6,可以将其修改为:
<release>2.4.6</release>
保存并退出编辑器,现在,当运行yum update
或yum upgrade
命令时,系统将不会尝试升级到其他版本。
3、使用RPM包管理器锁定版本
除了使用yum-plugin-versionlock插件和修改yum源配置文件外,还可以直接使用RPM包管理器来锁定软件版本,找到要锁定的软件的RPM包文件,通常位于/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7Server/
目录下,以httpd为例,找到httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
文件:
cd /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7Server/ ls | grep httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
接下来,使用以下命令安装该RPM包:
sudo rpm -ivh httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force --nopre
这将安装指定的软件版本,并将其锁定在系统中,请注意,这种方法可能会导致依赖问题,因为锁定的版本可能与系统中的其他软件不兼容,在使用此方法之前,请确保已经了解潜在的风险。
4、使用chroot环境锁定版本
如果需要在隔离的环境中运行特定版本的软件,可以使用chroot环境来实现,创建一个新的基本环境:
mkdir /mnt/chroot_env sudo chroot /mnt/chroot_env /bin/bash
挂载所需的文件系统和设备:
mount -t proc none /proc -o nosuid,noexec,nodev,relatime,gid=5,mode=0755 挂载/proc文件系统 mount -t sysfs none /sys -o nosuid,noexec,nodev,relatime,gid=5,mode=0755 挂载/sys文件系统 mount -o bind /dev /mnt/chroot_env/dev 挂载/dev设备文件系统 mount -o bind /dev/pts /mnt/chroot_env/dev/pts 挂载/dev/pts设备文件系统 mount -o bind /run /mnt/chroot_env/run 挂载/run目录文件系统 mount -o bind /usr /mnt/chroot_env/usr 挂载/usr目录文件系统
接下来,安装所需的软件版本:
yum install httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.x86_64 --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="epel" --installroot=/mnt/chroot_env --releasever=7 --assumeyes --gpgcheck=0 --exclude=kernel* --exclude=redhat* --exclude=centos* --exclude=updates* --exclude=extras* --exclude=fasttrack* --exclude=centosplus* --exclude=epel* --exclude=powertools* --exclude=rhn* --exclude=rhel-server* --exclude=rhel-ha* --exclude=rhel-client* --exclude=rhel-common* --exclude=rhel-ansible* --exclude=rhel-atomic* --exclude=rhel-developer* --exclude=rhel-fast* --exclude=rhel-beta* --exclude=rhel-corona* --exclude=rhel-testing* --exclude=rhel-trunk* --disableexcludes=all -y --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/httpd_installer -vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeefffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodpppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssstttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu uiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
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